Embryos can grow in the test tube or culture dish for up to 5 days before they need to be either returned to the patient or frozen. The images below describe the 5 stages.
Day 1Pronuclear stage: The embryo has only just fertilized and the two sets of chromosomes remain separate as discrete bodies called pronuclei. If there are more or less pronuclei than 2, the embryo is abnormal and not used for treatment.
Day 2The two pronuclei fuse about 24 hours after fertilization and the embryo divides into two half cells and then again into four quarter cells by the morning of day 2.
Day 3The embryo quality on day 3 determines whether the embryo is suitable for, further culture, transfer or freezing.
Day 3 embryos are expected to be at the 6-8 cell stage. The diversity in embryo quality is largely a reflection
of the quality of the follicles the eggs in which they developed.Embryos that have completed their
third cleavage (6-8cells) are suitable for transfer.
Embryos with less than 5 cells or embryos with more than
about 10% fragmentation are not suitable for freezing.
Day 5Blastocyst formation starts late on day 4.
The blastocyst is the stage of embryo development where the
embryo has developed into a complex cell mass and is ready to implant.
The inner cell
mass contains the cells that will give rise to the fetus. Around 40% of good
embryos on day 3 will give rise to a blastocyst and around half of the resulting
blastocysts will appear normal. Normal blastocysts can be cryostored.